Indigenous Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: The Case of Río
Blanco, Ecuador
David T. Schaller Department of Geography University of
Minnesota
Bibliography
Acosta, Alberto. 1995. Breve Historia Económica del Ecuador. Quito: Corporación Editora Nacional.
Bebbington, A.J. 1993. Modernization from below: An alternative indigenous development. Economic Geography 69 (3): 274-292.
Boo, E. 1990. Ecotourism: The Potentials and Pitfalls, Vol 1 and 2. Washington, D.C.: World Wildlife Fund.
Brandon, K. E., and M. Wells. 1992. Planning for people and parks: Design dilemmas. World Development. 20(4): 557-570.
Brechin, S. R., P.C. West, D. Harmon, and K. Kutay. 1991. Resident peoples and protected areas: A framework for inquiry. In P.C. West and S.R. Brechin, eds. Resident Peoples and National Parks. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. 5-30.
Butler, R.W. 1990. Alternative tourism: Pious hope or Trojan horse? Journal of Travel Research Winter:40-45.
Butler, R.W. 1992. Alternative tourism: The thin edge of the wedge. In V. Smith and W. Eadington, eds. Tourism Alternatives. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 31-46.
Cater, E. 1995. Ecotourism in the Third World--Problems and prospects for sustainability. In E. Cater and G. Lowman, eds. Ecotourism: A Sustainable Option? Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 68-87.
Cater, E., and G. Lowman, eds. Ecotourism: A Sustainable Option? Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Cavallero, L. Interview with author. Rāo Blanco, Ecuador, 13 October 1995.
Caviedes, C., and G. Knapp, 1995. South America. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
CETUR. See Corporación Ecuatoriana de Turismo.
CETUR official. Interview with author. Tena, Ecuador, 14 September 1995.
Chapin, M. 1990. The silent jungle: Ecotourism among the Kuna Indians of Panama. Cultural Survival Quarterly 14 (1):42-45.
Cohen, E. 1988. Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 15: 371-386.
Cohen, E. 1989. "Primitive and remote": Hill tribe trekking in Thailand. Annals of Tourism Research 16:30-61.
Cohen, E. 1993. The study of touristic images of native people: Mitigating the stereotype of a stereotype. In D.G. Pearce and R.W. Butler, eds. Tourism Research: Critiques and Challenges. London: Routledge.
Colvin, Jean, 1994. Capirona: A model of indigenous ecotourism. Paper delivered at the Second Global Conference: Building a Sustainable World Through Tourism, Montreal, Canada.
Compendio Estadāstica Agropecuaria. 1994. Quito, Ecuador: Ministerio de Agropecuaria y Ganaderia.
Corporación Ecuatoriana de Turismo (CETUR). 1994. Principales Indicadores Turāsticas 1994. Quito.
Daltabuit, M., and O. Pi-Sunyer. 1990. Tourism development in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Cultural Survival Quarterly 14 (1):9-13.
Dearden, P. 1991. Tourism and sustainable development in northern Thailand. The Geographical Review 81 (4):400-413.
Dearden, P., and S. Harron. 1994. Alternative tourism and adaptive change. Annals of Tourism Research 21:81-102.
De Kadt, E. 1992. Making the alternative sustainable: Lessons from development for tourism. In V. Smith and W. Eadington, eds. Alternative Tourism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 47-75.
Drumm, A. 1991. Integrated Impact Assessment of Nature Tourism in Ecuador's Amazon Region. Quito: Feprotur.
Fabricant, F. 1995. Cradle of an empire: Near Machu Picchu and other ancient sites. New York Times 22 October, 145(5):16(N),16(L).
Farah, D. 1992. Ecuador cedes Amazon land to Indians. Washington Post May 15, A30.
Fundación Natura. 1988. Development Policy Issues for Ecuador's Amazonia. Paper prepared for the World Bank. Cited in Hicks 1990.
Erkilla, D. 1994. International tourism conference focuses on trends and challenges facing the industry. Centerpoint: A Newsletter for the Tourism Industry 2(1):1.
Espinoza, Juan JosŚ. Interview with author. Jatun Sacha Biological Field Station, Napo, Ecuador, 14 October 1995.
Gómez, N. 1994. Atlas del Ecuador: Geografāa y Economia. Quito: Colección Im½genes de la Tierra.
Griffin, E. 1993. La ciudad del Tena y su proyección al "sector" la isla en el contexto de la provincia del Napo. Quito: Centro Panamericano de Estudios e Investigaciones Geogr½ficas.
Healy, K., and E. Zorn. 1983. Lake Titicaca's campesino-controlled tourism. Grassroots Development 6(2)/7(1):3-10.
Healy, R. G. 1988. Economic Considerations in Nature-Oriented Tourism: The Case of Tropical Forest Tourism. Working Paper No. 39. Raleigh: USDA Forest Service Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.
Hicks, J. F. 1990. Ecuador's Amazon Region. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
Hunter, C., and H. Green. 1995. Tourism and the Environment: A sustainable relationship? London and New York: Routledge.
Instituto Geogr½fico Militar 1991. Mapa Fāsica. Quito.
Izko, X. 1995. Ecoturismo en el Ecuador. Quito: Programa Regional de Bosques Nativos Andinos-Ecuador.
Jafari, J. 1987. Tourism models: The sociocultural aspects. Tourism Management. June:151-159.
Klein, Carlos. Interview with author. Rāo Blanco, Ecuador, 13 October 1995.
Kurian, G.T., ed. 1992. Encyclopedia of the Third World, fourth edition. New York: Facts on File. 527-546.
Lea, J. 1988. Tourism and Development in the Third World. Routledge: London and New York.
Lindaas, K. Letter to author, 1995.
Long, B. 1992. Conflicting land-use schemes in the Ecuadorian Amazon: The case of Sumaco. Geography 77(4):336-348.
MacCannell, D. 1976. The Tourist: A new theory of the leisure class. New York: Schocken Books.
Macdonald, T., Jr., D. Irvine and L.E. Aranda. 1993. The Quichua of Eastern Ecuador. In S. Davis, ed. Indigenous Views of Land and the Environment. Washington D.C.: The World Bank. 11-30.
Muratorio, B. 1991. The Life and Times of Grandfather Alonso: Culture and History in the Upper Amazon. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Nash, D. 1989. Tourism as a form of imperialism. In V.L. Smith, ed. Hosts and Guests: The anthropology of tourism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 37-54.
Neill, D. Interview with author. Quito, Ecuador, 7 September 1995.
Nelson, J.G. 1994. The spread of ecotourism: Some planning implications. Environmental Conservation 21(3):248-255.
Olindo, P. 1991. The old man of nature tourism: Kenya. In T. Whelen, ed. Nature Tourism: Managing for the Environment. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. 23-38.
Pearce, D. 1981. Tourist Development. New York: Longman House.
Place, S. 1991. Nature tourism and rural development in Tortuguero. Annals of Tourism Research 18:186-201.
Place, S. 1995. Ecotourism for sustainable development: Oxymoron or plausible strategy? GeoJournal 35(2):161-173.
Pleumaron, A. 1994. The political ecology of tourism. The Ecologist 24(4):142-7.
Pratt, M. L. 1992. Imperial Eyes: Travel writing and transculturation. London: Routledge.
Redclift, M. 1987. Sustainable Development: Exploring the contradictions. London and New York: Methuen.
Relph, E. 1976. Place and placelessness. London: Pion Ltd.
Richter, L. K. 1989. Exploring alternative strategies for tourism development: Is there a better way? In L.K. Richter, ed. The Politics of Tourism in Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 180-210.
Rivera R. J. 1995. Golpe de Timón de RINCANCIE: Evaluación y propuestas. Unpublished manuscript.
Ryan, R., and T. Grasse. 1991. Marketing ecotourism: Attracting the elusive ecotourist. In T. Whelen, ed. Nature Tourism: Managing for the Environment. Washington D.C.: Island Press. 164-186.
Sherman, P. B, and J.A. Dixon. 1991. The economics of nature tourism: Determining if it pays. In T. Whelan, ed. Nature Tourism: Managing for the Environment. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. 89-131.
Silver, I. 1992. Truth and travel: Alternative tourism isn't always responsible tourism. Cultural Survival Quarterly 16(2): 54-59.
Silver, I. 1993. Marketing authenticity in Third World countries. Annals of Tourism Research 20:302-318.
Smith, R. 1993. Crisis Under the Canopy. Quito: Abya-Yala.
Smith, R. Interview with author. Quito, Ecuador, 6 September 1995.
Smith, V. 1992. Boracay, Philippines: A case study in "alternative" tourism. In V. Smith and W. Eadington, eds. Tourism Alternatives. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 133-157.
Smith, V., and W. Eadington, eds. 1992. Tourism Alternatives. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Sofield, Trevor. 1993. Indigenous Tourism Development. Annals of Tourism Research 20:729-750.
Somerville, H. Airlines, tourism and environment. In A.V. Seaton, ed. Tourism: State of the Art. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 638-646.
Tapuy, T. Interview with author. Tena, Ecuador, 23 October 1995.
Tapuy, T, and C. Andi. 1995. La comunidad Capirona: Programa de ecoturismo y convivencia cultural. In X. Izko, ed. Ecoturismo en el Ecuador. Quito: Programa Regional de Bosques Nativos Andinos-Ecuador. 57-70.
Tuan, Y. 1974. Topophilia. New York: Columbia University Press.
Uquillas, J.E. 1984. Colonization and spontaneous settlement in the Ecuadorian Amazon. In M. Schmink and C.H. Wood, eds. Frontier Expansion in Amazonia. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
Urry, J. 1990. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies. London: Sage Publications.
Valentine, P. 1993. Nature-based tourism. In B. Weiler and C.M. Hall, eds. Special Interest Tourism. London: Belhaven Press. 105-128.
Van den Berghe, P.L. 1980. Tourism as ethnic relations: a case study of Cuzco, Peru. Ethnic and Racial Studies 3(6):345-91.
Van den Berghe, P.L. 1993. The Quest for the Other: Ethnic tourism in San Cristóbal, Mexico. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Vickers, W. T. 1984. Indian policy in Amazonian Ecuador. In M. Schmink and C.H. Wood, eds. 1984. Frontier Expansion in Amazonia. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
Weil, J. 1995. Changing sources of livelihood from the earth and sea in northwestern Costa Rica. Anthropology of Work Review 16(1&2):14-23.
Wesche, R. 1993. Ecotourism and indigenous peoples in the resource frontier of the Ecuadorian Amazon. Yearbook, Conference of Latin American Geographers 19:35-45.
Wesche, R. 1995. The Ecotourist's Guide to the Ecuadorian Amazon. Quito: Panamerican Center for Geographical Studies and Research (CEPEIGE).
West, P. C., and S.R. Brechin, eds. 1991. Resident Peoples and National Parks. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Whelen, T., ed. 1991. Nature Tourism: Managing for the Environment. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Whitten, N. E., Jr. 1981. Amazonia today at the base of the Andes: An ethnic interface in ecological, social, and ideological perspectives. In N.E. Whitten, Jr., ed. Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Wilderness Travel. 1994. Trip Catalog.
Winslow, S. Telephone interview with author, 15 November 1995.
World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurick, D. N. 1992. Adventure travel and sustainable tourism in the peripheral economy of Nepal. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82(4):608-628.
Zurick, D.N. 1995. Errant Journeys: Adventure Travel in a Modern Age. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Contact: David@Schaller.com
to
Ecotourism Research Home Page
to
Río Blanco Summary Page